Native Plants

I delight in growing and learning about the native/indigenous plants of Malaysia. According to statistics published in our newspapers, there are about 445,000 species of plants on earth of which 35,000 species are recorded as herbal medicinal plants. Malaysia has recorded 15,000 species of plants of which 2,000 species have medicinal value. Wow, Malaysia has 3% of world total of recorded plants!

The following are native plants of Malaysia and Southeast Asia

1. Acalypha hispida * (VINE) - Red Hot Cattail
2. Acalypha siamensis (SHRUB) - Wild Tea, Teh Kampung
3. Adenanthera pavonina (TREE) - Saga Tree
4. Aeschynanthes lobbianus * (VINE) - Lipstick Plant
5. Agathis borneensis (TREE) - Borneo Kauri
6. Aglaonema commutatum - Chinese Evergreen (HERB)
7. Aglaonema costatum - Chinese Spotted Evergreen (HERB)
8. Aleurites moluccana (TREE) - Candlenut Tree
9. Alpinia galangal * (HERB) - Galangal ginger
10. Alpinia purpurata * (HERB) - Red Ginger
11. Alstonia angustifolia (TREE) - Pulai 
12. Angiopteris evecta (FERN) - Elephant Fern
13. Aquilaria brachyantha (TREE) - Agarwood
14. Aquilaria crassna (TREE) - Agarwood
15. Aquilaria cumingiana (TREE) - Agarwood
16. Aquilaria hirta (TREE) - Agarwood
17. Aquilaria malaccensis (TREE) - Agarwood
18. Aquilaria rostrata (TREE) - Agarwood
19. Archidendron jiringa (TREE) - Jering
20. Ardisia crenada - (SHRUB) - Spiceberry, Mata Itik, Mata Ayam, Mata Pelanduk
21. Areca cathechu (PALM) - Betel Nut Palm, Pinang
22. Areca triandra (PALM)
23. Arenga obtusifolia (PALM) - Langkap - P. Malaysia
24. Arenga pinnata (PALM) - Sugar palm
25. Arundina graminifolia * (WILDFLOWER GROUND ORCHID) - Bamboo Orchid
26. Asplenium nidus (FERN) - Bird's Nest Fern (native to Tropical Asia)
27. Asystasia gangetica (shrub)
28. Asystasia gangetica ssp. micrantha (weed)
29. Asystasia intrusa (shrub)
30. Averrhoa bilimbi (TREE) - Cucumber Tree, Belimbing Buluh
31. Baeckea frutescens (TREE) - Malay Willow, Cucur Atap, Weeping Baeckea, Weeping Coast Myrtle
32. Bambusa vulgaris 'VIttata' - (TREE) - Painted Bamboo
33. Baccaurea angulata (TREE) - Tampoi Belimbing
34. Bauhinia acuminata * (TREE) - White Bauhinia
35. Bauhinia kockiana * (VINE) - 
36. Bauhinia purpurea * (TREE) - 
37. Borassus flabellifer (PALM) - Palmyra Palm
38. Brucea javanica (SHRUB) - Lada Pahit
39. Caesalpinia sapan (SHRUB) - Sappan, Sepang - Tropical Asia
40. Calamus spp (PALM) - Rattans
41. Calophyllum inophyllum (TREE) - Bintangor Laut
42. Cananga odorata (TREE) - Ylang-ylang, Kenanga
43. Caryota maxima (PALM) - Giant Mountain Fishtail Palm
44. Caryota mitis (PALM) - Clustering Fishtail Palm
45. Caryota no (PALM) - Bornean Fishtail Palm - Borneo
46. Casuarina nobilis (TREE) - Borneo 
47. Casuarina sumatrana (TREE) - Borneo (and Sumatra) 
48. Centella asiatica (HERB) - Pegaga
49. Cerbera odollam (TREE) - Grey Milkwood, Pong-pong
50. Cinnamomum iners (TREE) - Wild Cinnamon
51. Cissus discolor (VINE) - Patah Tulang
52. Cissus nodosa (VINE) - Javanese Treebine, Grape Ivy
53. Clerodendrum bethuneanum (SHRUB) - 
54. Clerodendrum calamitosum (SHRUB) - White Butterfly
55. Clerodendrum paniculatum (SHRUB) - Pagoda Flower
56. Clerodendrum wallichii (SHRUB) - Bridal Veil
57. Clitoria ternatea * (VINE / HERB) - Butterfly Pea, Bunga Telang
58. Codiaeum varigatrum (SHRUB) - Croton
59. Colocasia gigantea (HERB) - Giant Colocasia - P. Malaysia
60. Congea velutina (VINE) - Pink Shower Orchid, Pink Sandpaper Vine
61. Corypha utan (PALM) - Gebang - P. Malaysia and Sabah
62. Costus speciosus (HERB) - Setawar Halia, White Costus
63. Crateva religiosa (TREE) - Dala, Sacret Garlic Pear, Temple Tree
64. Cratoxylum formosum (TREE) - Mempat
65. Crinum asiaticum (BULB) - Crinum Lily, Bakong
66. Crystostachys renda (PALM) - Sealing Wax Palm - P. Malaysia, Borneo
67. Crossandra infundibuliformis (SHRUB) - Firecracker plant
68. Curcuma longa (HERB) - Turmeric, Kunyit - Asia
69. Cyathea contaminans (FERN) - Highland Tree Fern 
70. Cyathea latebrosa (FERN) - Lowland Tree Fern - P. Malaysia
71. Cyathula prostrata (HERB) - Rumput Jarang-jarang
72. Cycas clivicola (CYCAD) - The Clift Cycad - northern P. Malaysia
73. Cycas macrocarpa (CYCAD) - P. Malaysia
74. Cymbopogon nardus (GRASS) - Citronella, Serai Wangi
75. Dacrydium elatium (TREE)
76. Davallia denticulata (FERN) - Corsage Fern (Tropical Asia)
77. Dianella ensifolia (BULB) - Flax Lily, Akar Siak
78. Diasypros blancoi (TREE) - Mabolo - Borneo
79. Dillenia excelsa (TREE) - Purple Dillenia - Malaysia
80. Dillenia indica (TREE) - Elephant Dillenia
81. Dillenia suffructicosa (TREE) - Shrubby Dillenia - Malaysia
82. Dipteris conjugata (FERN) - Bua Cek
83. Dendrobium crumenatum * (ORCHID) - Pigeon Orchid, Dove Orchid
84. Elaeocarpus grandiflorus  (TREE) - Fairy Petticoat, Lily of the Valley Tree, Mala - P. Malaysia, Indo-China
85. Erythrina fusca * (TREE) - Coral Tree, Pokok Dedap Merah
86. Eugeissona utilis (PALM) - Bornean Sago Palm
87. Eugenia grandis (TREE) - 
88. Eurycoma longifolia (HERB) - Tongkat Ali
89. Fagraea frangrans (TREE0 - Tembusu
90. Ficus auriculata (TREE) Roxburgh Fig - P. Malaysia
91. Ficus deltoidea * (HERB) - Mas Cotek - P. Malaysia
92. Ficus elastica (TREE) - India Rubber Fig
93. Ficus microcarpa (TREE) - Malayan Banyan, Chinese Banyan, Taiwan Banyan, Indian Laurel, Curtain Fig
94. Ficus ngii (TREE) - 
95. Gardenia carinata (TREE) - Kedah Gardenia
96. Gardenia tubifera (TREE) - Trumpet Gardenia
97. Gnetum gnemon (TREE) - Melinjau 
98. Gloriosa superba - Flame Lily, Bunga Songsang
99. Goniothalamus spp (HERB) - Selukai
100. Gynura procumbens (HREB) - Scrambling Gynura, Sambung Nyawa
101. Hibiscus sabdariffa * (HERB) - Roselle
102. Hopea odorata (TREE) - Merawan Siput Jantan - Malaysia
103. Hoya multiflora (VINE) - 
104. Impatiens mirabilis (SHRUB) - Langkawi Balsam - P. Malaysia
105. Ipomoea aquatica (VINE) - Water Spinach, Kangkong
106. Ixora javanica (SHRUB)
107. Johannesteijsmannia altifrons (PALM) - Common Sal - P. Malaysia
108. Johannesteijsmannia lanceolata (PALM) - Narrow-leafed Sal - P. Malaysia
109. Johannesteijsmannia magnifica (PALM) - Silver Sal - P. Malaysia
110. Justica betonica (SHRUB) - White Shrimp Plant (Tropical Asia)
111. Kaempferia pulchra (HERB) - Peacock Ginger, Peacock Plant, Ressurection Lily
112. Labisia pumila (HERB) - Kacip Fatimah
113. Lagerstroemia speciosa (TREE) - Bungor, Queen's Crape Myrtle
114. Leptospermum flavescens (TREE) - 
115. Licuala spinosa (PALM)
116. Litsea garciae (TREE) - Malaysia 
117. Livistona endauensis (PALM) - Endau Fan Palm - P. Malaysia
118. Livistona rotundifolia (PALM) - Footstool Palm - Sabah
119. Livistona saribus (PALM) - Taraw Palm
120. Lycopodium squarrosum (FERN ALLIES) - Squirrel-tailed Clubmoss
121. Maingaya malayana (TREE) - Malaysia 
122. Marsdenia maingayi, Syn: Stephanotis maingayi (SHRUB) - Malaysia 
123. Matonia pectinata (FERN)
124. Melaleuca cajuputi (TREE) - 
125. Melastoma malabathricum * (SHRUB) - Senduduk
126. Melicope ridleyi, Syn: Euodia ridleyi (SHRUB) - Evodia
127. Mesua ferrea (TREE) - Ceylon ironwood
128. Metroxylon sagu (PALM) - Sago Palm
129. Michelia alba (TREE) - White Chempaka
130. Michelia champaca (TREE) - Yellow Chempaka - Malaysia
131. Microsorum punctatum (FERN) - Fish Tail Fern (Tropical Asia)
132. Mimusops elengi (TREE) - Tanjong
133. Monochoria hastata (HERB) - Arrow Leaf Pondweed
134. Monochoria vaginalis (HERB) - Oval-leaved Pondweed, Rumput Kelayar, Keladi Agas
135. Morinda citrifolia (HERB) - Mengkudu
136. Murraya paniculata * (SHRUB) - Orange Jasmine, Kemuning
137. Musa beccarii (HERB) - Ornamental Banana - Borneo
138. Musa lokok (HERB) - Wild Banana - Sarawak
139. Nephroleptis falcata (FERN) - Fishtail Swordfern 
140. Ocimum basilicum (HERB) - Sweet Basil, Selasih
141. Oenanthe javanica (HERB) - Daun Selom, Selom, Water Dropwort, Japanese Parsley, Chinese Celery
142. Oncosperma tigillarium (PALM) - Nibong
143. Orania sylvicola (PALM) - Ibul - P. Malaysia
144. Orchids 
145. Orchidantha fimbriata (HERB) 
146. Orthosiphon stamineus * (HERB) - Cat Whiskers, Java Tea, Misai Kucing
147. Paederia foetida (VINE) - Lesser Malaysan Stinkwort, Chinese Moon Creeper, Sekuntut
148. Papilionanthe hookeriana* (WILDFLOWER GROUND ORCHID) - Semi-aquatic, Kinta Weed, Tapah Weed
149. Pandanus dubius (HERB)
150. Parkia speciosa (TREE) - Petai
151. Peltophorum pterocarpum (TREE) - Yellow Flame
152. Persicaria odorata (HERB) - Kesum
153. Petraeovited wolfei * (VINE) - Wolfe's Vine, Nong Nooch Vine
154. Phacelophrynium maximum (HERB) - Isip (Kelabit)
155. Phaleria capitata * (TREE)
156. Phoenix paludosa (PALM) - Mangrove Date Palm
157. Pholidocarpus kingianus (PALM) - King Fan Palm
158. Physalis peruviana (HERB) - Cape Gooseberry
159. Pinus merkusii (TREE) - Southeast Asian Pine
160. Piper betle (VINE) - Betel Vine, Piper Betel, Sirih
161. Piper sarmentosum (HERB) - Pointed Pepper, Kaduk
162. Platycerium coronarium (FERN) - Staghorn Fern 
163. Plectranthus barbatus (HERB) - Indian Borage, Bangun-bangun
164. Plectranthus scutellarioides - Coleus 
165. Phyllanthus acidus (TREE) - Cermai, Gooseberry Tree
166. Phyllanthus pectinatus (TREE) - Melaka Tree - Malaysia
167. Podocarpus imbricatus (TREE) 
168. Podocarpus polystachyus (TREE)
169. Podocarpus rumphii (TREE)
170. Pogostemon cablin (HERB) - Patchouli, Pokok Nilam
171. Pogonatherum crinitum (SHRUB) - Bamboo Grass
172. Polygonum minus (HERB) - Kesum
173. Polyscias scutellaria (HERB) - Puding Semangkuk
174. Premna serratifolia (SHRUB) - Buas-buas
175. Psilotum nudum (FERN ALLY) - Whisk Fern
176. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus - 4 Angled Bean, Winged Bean, Goa Bean, Kacang Botor
177. Pterocarpus indicus (TREE) - Sena, Angsana
178. Quisqualis indica (VINE) - Rangoon Creeper, Drunken Sailor, Akar Dani, Selimpas
179. Rhodoleia championii (TREE) - P. Malaysia
180. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (SHRUB) - Kamunting, Rose Myrtle
181. Saraca cauliflora * (TREE) - Yellow Saraca Tree, Cauliflower Tree, Hankerchief Tree
182. Sauropus androgynus (HERB) - Sayur Manis, Sweet Leaf, Sabah Vegetable, Cekur Manis
183. Schizostachyum brachycladum (TREE) - Lemang Bamboo - Borneo
184. Scaphochlamys kunstleri (HERB) - Malaysia
185. Sebasnia grandiflora (TREE) - Vegetable Hummingbird, Geti, Turi
186. Selaginella willdenowii (FERN ALLY) - Peacock Selaginella
187. Selaginella sp. (FERN ALLY) - Mossy Selaginella
188. Shorea roxburghii (TREE) - Meranti Temak Nipis - Malaysia
189. Streblus asper (TREE) - P. Malaysia
190. Syzygium campanulatum (TREE) - Eugenia oleina, Paya Kelat 
191. Tacca integrifolia * (SHRUB) - Bat Lily
192. Terminalia catappa (TREE) - Sea Almond, Ketapang
193. Tetracera scandens (VINE) - Akar Ampelas Putih
194. Tinospora crispa (VINE) - Petawali
195. Triphasia trifolia (TREE) - Limeberry
196. Uraria crinita * (SHRUB) - Asian Foxtail
197. Urena lobata (SHRUB) - Congo Jute, Pulut-pulut
198. Vitex trifolia (SHRUB) - Common Blue Vitex, Lagundi
199. Wedelia biflora (VINE) - Serunai Laut
200. Wild Torch Gingers
• Etlingera elatior * (HERB) - Bunga Kantan
• Etlingera corneri - Rose Ginger - Malaysia
• Etlingera hemisphaerica - Tulip Ginger
• Etlingera maingayi - Malay Rose Ginger
201. Wrightia religiosa * (TREE) - Water Plum Jasmine, Santalia, Melati, Jeliti, Anting Putri
202. Zingiber spectabile (HERB) - Beehive Ginger

Notes
(1) Orchids - There are about 800 species of orchids native to Peninsular Malaysia and 2,500 in Sabah and Sarawak.

TROPICAL FRUIT TREES

1. Annona muricata - Soursop
2. Annona reticulata - Custard Apple
3. Artocarpus heterophyllus - Jackfruit, Nangka
4. Artocarpus integer - Cempedak
5. Artocarpus odoratissimus - Tarap - Borneo
6. Averrhoa bilimbi - Belimbing
7. Baccaurea angulata - Tampoi Belimbing - Borneo
8. Baccaurea motleyana - Rambai
9. Barringtonia racemosa - Putat
10. Citrus hystrix - Kaffir lime, limau purut
11. Citrus x limon - Lemon
12. Citrus maxima* (Syn: C. grandis) - Pomelo, Pummelo, Shaddock, Limau Bali
13. Citrus reticulata - Mandarin, Tangerine, Satsuma
14. Dimorcarpus longan var. malesianus - Longan, Mata Kucing.
15. Durio spp* - Durian
16. Eugenia aquea - Water Jambu
17. Garcinia atroviridis - Asam Gelugor
18. Glycosmis pentaphylla -Merapi
19. Litchi chinensis - Lychee
20. Mangifera caesia - Macang
21. Mangifera foetida (Mangifera horsfieldii) - Bachang
22. Mangifera indica - Mango (Tropical Asia)
23. Mangifera odorata - Kwini
24. Morinda citrifolia - Indian Mulberry, Noni, Mengkudu
25. Musa spp* - Banana
26. Musa x paradisiaca 'Pisang Mas' - Banana
27. Nephelium lappaceum * - Rambutan or 'Tico Berry'
28. Pometia pinnata - Kasai

* Click to visit the links to my post about these plants.

Web definition (Wikipedia) : Native plant is a term to describe plants endemic (indigenous) or naturalized to a given area in geologic time while Indigenous Plants are those that originated from a particular geographical area.